HTML Entities

Some characters are reserved in HTML and they have special meaning when used in HTML document.

HTML Entities Example

If you use the less than (<) or greater than (>) signs in your text, the browser might mix them with tags. Character entities are used to display reserved characters in HTML.

HTML processors must support following five special characters listed :

Symbol Description Entity Name Number Code
" Quotation Mark &quot; &#34;
' apostrophe &apos; &#39;
& ampersand &amp; &#38;
< less-than &lt; &#60;
> greater-than &gt; &#62;

Non-breaking Space

A common character entity used in HTML is the non-breaking space : &nbsp;

A non-breaking space is a space that will not break into a new line.

Two words separated by a non-breaking space will stick together. If you write 10 spaces in your text, the browser will remove 9 of them. To add real spaces to your text, you can use the &nbsp; character entity.

ISO 8859-1 Symbol Entities

Result Description Entity Name Entity Number
non-breaking space &nbsp; &#160;
! inverted exclamation mark &iexcl; &#161;
¤ currency &curren; &#164;
¢ cent &cent; &#162;
£ pound &pound; &#163;
¥ yen &yen; &#165;
¦ brvbar vertical bar &brvbar; &#166;
§ section &sect; &#167;
¨ spacing diaeresis &uml; &#168;
© copyright &copy; &#169;
® registered trademark &reg; &#174;
trademark &trade; &#8482;
± plus-or-minus &plusmn; &#177;
¼ fraction 1/4 &frac14; &#188;
½ fraction 1/2 &frac12; &#189;
¾ fraction 3/4 &frac34; &#190;
¿ inverted question mark &iquest; &#191;
× multiplication &times; &#215;
÷ division &divide; &#247;

Other Entities Supported by HTML Browsers

Result Description Entity Name Entity Number
˜ small tilde &tilde; &#732;
left single quotation mark &lsquo; &#8216;
right single quotation mark &rsquo; &#8217;
left double quotation mark &ldquo; &#8220;
right double quotation mark &rdquo; &#8221;
euro &euro; &#8364;
dagger &dagger; &#8224;

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