Java Operators

Operator Example

• In above example + sign is an operator and 10,20 are operands.
• + Operator is used for adding values, same as we do in Arithmetic.
• The result of above expression 10 + 20 = 30

Just like how we added two numbers, the variable and their value also can be added. There are some rule needs to be fallow while working with variable, we will know them latter. Let’s see how to use operator with variables.

In above example you can see how we can use operator with variables and values, Now let know types of operator in java.

Java Operators Types

There are large numbers of operators in java, These operators are categories in below listed category.

1. Arithmetic operators
2. Assignment operators
3. Comparison operators
4. Logical operators
5. Bitwise operators
6. Ternary Operator

Arithmetic operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform common mathematical operations same as we do in Algebra.

• Arithmetic operators are used in mathematical expression.
• The operands on which we are using arithmetical expression must be of numeric type.
• We can use arithmetic operator on char types, because in java char type is a sub set of int.
• In below table, we have listed all arithmetic operators used in java with explanation and example.

Example

Output

Addition is : 9
Subtraction is : 5
Multiplication is : 14
Division is : 3
Modulus is : 1
Increment is : 8
Decrement is : 6 

P. T. R.

In division if result of division is stored in int data type variable then it will store only complete number of result, it ignores fractional part of result.

Arithmatic Operations on char data type

Since char data type variable stores a single character from keyboard, which refers an ASCII code which is a number, so it can be added with an int data type of variable.

For example char myChar = 'A', here myChar refers 65 which is ASCII code of A

Output

85
109
204

Assignment operators

Types of Data Type

In Java data types are divided into two types

1. Primitive data types
2. Non-Primitive data types

Primitive Data Types

Primitive data type are fixed size in nature means the variable with primitive data type is allocated a fixed size of memory and they do not contain any additional methods.

In java there are 8 primitive data types and all these are keywords. These are listed below.

Integers (whole number)

Integers data type are used to store whole number ( without decimal point ), they can be either positive or negative for example ( 124,-8276, 32 ) etc.

• There are four data type which can be used to store an integer number, these are byte, short, int and long, we can choose any among from them based on our requirement.
• There are only difference of size in these four data types, let’s see in detail about each.

byte

You can use byte data type when we have to store integer number between -128 to 127, it take only 1 byte space to store number.

• Size: 1 byte
• Range: -128 to 127
• Suppose we want to store an integer number 27, then it is best to use byte because it will reserve only 1 byte space in memory.
• If we use int data type then it will reserve 4 byte space in memory, so we are wasting memory.

short

It is also use to store an integer ( whole number ), it can store a bigger number than byte but smaller than int

• Size: 2 byte
• Range: -32768 to 32767

int

It is widely used data type for integer numbers ( whole number ), let’s see its size and range with example.

• Size: 4 byte
• Range: -2147483648 to 2147483647

long

If we have to store a very big value which is bigger than int range, in this case you can use long data type to store your integer value.

• Size: 8 byte
• Range: -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,808
• Note that you should end the value with an "L"

Example

Output

8347492463289

Decimal (number with deciaml point)

Decimal number is a number which contain decimal point (.), for example 345.5, 3827.726 etc., In java programming there are two data type which can be used to store a decimal value.

• float
• double

float

It is used to store a decimal number ( fractional number ) with 6 digit precision, here precision means digit after decimal point(.) .

• Size: 4 byte
• Range: 3.4e−038 to 3.4e+038
• It is good practice to end value with a "f".

Note: Precision means digits after decimal point, less precision digits less accurate value, bigger precision digits means more accurate value.

Example

Output

37.236

double

It is also used to store a fractional number with more accuracy, it uses precision upto 15 digits.

• Size: 8 byte
• Range: 4.9e−324 to 1.7e+308
• It is good practice to end value with a "d".

Example

Output

355.743224

Scientific Numbers

In range of float and double we have used scientific number representation with “e”, where "e" indicates power of 10, for example 13e4 means 13* 10⁴ which is equal to 130000. We can also use scientific numbers in programming, Let's see in example.

Example

Output

9200.0
21000.0

float or double..?

Both data types have their importance, if we want some less accuracy in result we should use float data type because its off six digits precision, for example in case of money we can use float because in money counting 2 digit of precision is enough like $45.37, $2.82, $103.50 etc.

double data type preferred in scientific calculation because, it offer 15 digits of precision and it supposed to more safe than float data type. So where precision is more valuable then always prefer to use double data type.

char data type

char data type is used to store a single character form keyboard, the value must be surrounded by single quotes, for example ‘M’, ‘m’, ‘A’ etc. we can also use ASCII value as character variable value, let’s see in example.

Example

Output

m
n
A
j

Note**: In above example you have seen two ASCII numbars 65 and 106, where the value of ASCII number 65 is 'A' and 106 is 'j'

boolean data type

To declare Boolean data type we use boolean keyword and it store a single value either try or false.

Basically boolean data type is used in condition testing to know whether condition is true or false. We will understand it in grate details in upcoming chapter.

Example

Output

false
true

Non-Primitive Data Types

These are identifiers, memory size is not pre-defined.

In other words non-primitive data types are derived from primitive data types means non-primitive data types are designed with the help of primitive data type, for example String data type, it is a group of character data type.

Non-primitive data types are also called as reference types because they refer to object. Below we have listed some widely used non-primitive data types.

• String
• Array
• Classes
• Interface etc.

Learn all about them in upcoming chapters in a grate details, Now let’s know more about String data type because it is widely used:

String

String is a non-primitive data type, it is used to store group of characters. The value must be surrounded by double quotes, for example “ Hello I am new in Java”.

Example

Output

Hello I am new in Java

Difference between Primitive & Non-Primitive

There are many differences between Primitive and Non-Primitive data types, lets know what they are.

• Primitive data types are keywords where as Non-Primitive data types are identifiers.
• Primitive data types are predefined by java where as Non-Primitive data types are defined by developer means they are not pre-defined except String.
• Primitive data types do not have addition methods where as Non-Primitive data types have additional methods.
• Primitive data types reserve predefined fixed memory size in RAM when they declared where as Non-Primitive data types are variable size.
• Primitive data types are start with a lowercase letter where as Non-Primitive data type start with uppercase letter.
• Primitive data types always contain a value where as Non-Primitive data types can be null.