Scanf in C
scanf() is a predefined standard library function, it is used to take input from the keyboard. scanf() function is defined in stdio.h header file.
In C programming input is taken by scanf() function, the input values stored in variables and later these variable's value used in the program.
scanf() Syntax
scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
Explanation
On the above example:
- Both %d %d are format specifiers, which indicates two int-type inputs.
- &a is the address of variable a, which receives the first input.
- &b is the address of variable b, which receives the second input.
scanf() Function Rules
- Within the double quotes, there should be only format specifiers like %c, %d, %f, etc.
- Variable names must be preceded by the address of operator &.
- To use scanf() function must include stdio.h header file in the program.
- The number of format specifiers and the number of variable addresses must be the same.
- Order of format specifiers and data type of variable’s address must be the same.
scanf() Function Examples
Example 1
Write a program that takes two numbers as input and prints their sum as output.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int a,b,sum;
printf("Enter Two Number \n");
scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
sum=a+b;
printf("\n");
printf("Sum of both numbers is %d", sum);
getch();
}
Output
Enter Two Number
12 44
Sum of both numbers is 56
Example 2
Take inputs employee name, age, and salary and print employee details as a story.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
char emp;
int age, sal;
printf("Enter Employee Name \n");
scanf("%c", &emp);
printf("\n Enter Employee Age \n");
scanf("%d", &age);
printf("\n Enter Employee Salary \n");
scanf("%d", &sal);
printf("\n Story is ------ \n");
printf("There was an employee Mr. %c \n", emp);
printf("He was %d year old \n", age);
printf("He was earning $%d in a month\n", sal);
printf("He was very happy in his life");
getch();
}
Output
Enter Employee Name
A
Enter Employee Age
28
Enter Employee Salary
2500
Story is ------
There was an employee Mr. A
He was 28 year old
He was earning $2500 in a month
He was very happy in his life